The Australian international tight-head prop has now made 37 appearances for the club since making his debut away to Ulster in the opening match of the 2024/25 campaign.
Talakai arrived in Glasgow as an experienced front-rower, having racked up over 100 Super Rugby appearances during spells with the Queensland Reds and Melbourne Rebels.
Educated at Waverley College in Sydney - which has also produced notable Australian internationals such as Owen Finegan and Morgan Turinui - Talakai went on to become a key figure for Sydney University, making 72 first-grade appearances.
He also spent four years in Japan with Suntory Sungoliath, helping the side reach three consecutive Grand Finals.
A well-liked member of the Glasgow squad, Talakai recently marked a milestone by scoring his first try for the club in a 31-10 victory over Benetton Rugby, a result that kept the Warriors top of the United Rugby Championship standings.
Speaking after confirming his extension, Talakai told glasgowwarriors.org: "I'm very happy to be staying at Scotstoun.
"With the squad that we have and the young guys coming through, I'm excited to get to work with everyone and put our best foot forward. Everyone's bought into the vision that Franco and the coaches have outlined and I just want to contribute as best as I can.
"I love coming into training with the guys every day. Everyone wants to get better day in, day out, and I'm absolutely loving my time in Glasgow.
"I think my kids are the happiest to be staying around, to be honest! They're in primary school at the moment and they've made their wee connections in the community, so we're happy to be settled and enjoy the cold for a little bit longer!
"We've got a huge opportunity to do something special this season and that starts with Saturday against the Bulls. We know they'll be a big, physical challenge, but we know we just need to keep putting the best version of ourselves forward and see what comes off the back of that."
Head coach Smith added: "Sam is a true professional and is someone who knows what it takes to perform at the highest level as a Glasgow Warrior.
"He brings a great energy to both training and his performances on the field, and he is committed to playing his role for the squad.
"He is someone who has a great impact on our young forwards in particular and we are pleased to see him extend his contract at Scotstoun."