Pierre Schoeman and Scott Cummings both marked their 50th caps with tries, while debutant Gregor Hiddleston also crossed the line. Sione Tuipulotu, Rory Hutchinson, Gregor Brown, and Kyle Rowe were Scotland's other try scorers, with Argentina scoring late to secure a bonus point. Scotland next face world champions South Africa.
Scotland skipper Sione Tuipulotu spoke after the match. He said: "We knew it was going to be pretty similar to what we faced in the autumn and we knew there was going be a point in the game where we had to wrestle back momentumm.
"We know our attacking identity, we like to play with the ball, we probably leaked too many points at the end but I'm really proud of the boys' effort today."
On facing South Africa next, Tuipulotu added: "It's a big challenge, probably the biggest challenge in world rugby.
"We're ready for that and one we really want to test ourselves against the best."