Italy scored 21 unanswered points in a stunning comeback to secure a 31-29 win over the rudderless Scots, which severely dents Gregor Townsend's men's Six Nations hopes.
Juan Ignacio Brex, Louis Lynagh and Stephen Varney tries helped the Azzurri to a deserved victory, with Paolo Garbisi and Martin Page-Relo adding points off the tee.
Zander Fagerson, Kyle Steyn, Pierre Schoeman and Sam Skinner went over for Scotland as they claimed two points from a defeat in Rome that could end their title push.